Fig. 8
From: Etheno adducts: from tRNA modifications to DNA adducts and back to miscoding ribonucleotides
Chemicals known to lead to the formation of etheno adducts. The vinyl monomers undergo epoxidation to generate bis-electrophiles [37]. N-Nitrosopiperidine is α-hydroxylated to yield a product that breaks down to 4-oxo-2-pentenal and reacts to form propanone-1,N2-ε(d) Guo [3] (Fig. 2). The two ethylene dihalides can be hydroxylated to the gem-halohydrins, which then release HCl or HBr to yield 2-haloacetaldehydes [38]