Fig. 4

Assessment of the effects of 1-h z-VAD-FMK pretreatment in curcuminoid analogues (FLDP-5 and FLDP-8) and curcumin treated LN-18 cells. Results from 1-h z-VAD-FMK pretreatment in curcuminoid analogues and curcumin-induced apoptosis in LN-18 cells demonstrated the pan-caspase inhibitor significantly suppressed apoptosis. Each data point was obtained from three independent experimental replicates and expressed as mean ± SEM of the percentage of apoptotic cells. *p < 0.05 against negative control, NEG (untreated cell) and #p < 0.05 against the treatment group without z-VAD-FMK