Formation of the toxic furan metabolite 2-butene-1,4-dial through hemin-induced degradation of 2,4-alkadienals in fried foods

Table 1 Reaction conditions for the conversion of HDE into CPL

Method	First reaction			Second reaction
Method	Concentration of HDE	Concentration of hemin	pH	Concentration of HDE^*	Concentrations of AcCys, AcLys	Reaction time	pH
A	10.9 mM	60 µM	pH 4.5	2.40 mM	2.2 mMAcCys 2.2 mMAcLys	39 h	pH 7.4
B	99 mM (High HDE)	59.4 µM	pH 3.5 pH 7.4	21.8 mM	2.2 mMAcCys 2.2 mMAcLys	18 h	pH 7.4
C	5.67 mM (Low HDE)	60 µM	pH 3.5 pH 7.4	1.25 mM
D	5.85 mM (Low HDE Purified)	62 µM	pH 3.5 pH 7.4	1.28 mM

^*HDE concentrations of the second reaction mixture, calculated from initial HDE concentrations

ISSN: 1880-7062